In 1567 the English composer Thomas Tallis contributed nine tunes for Archbishop Parker's Psalter, vernacular psalm settings intended for publication in a metrical psalter then being compiled for the first Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker:
These tunes were not separately named and appear to have become obscure for some centuries following the death of Tallis but the set includes some of his most famous melodies: the third, "Why Fum'th In Fight", in the third or phrygian mode, was used by Ralph Vaughan Williams as the basis of his Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis and became known as the "third mode melody"; the eighth is known as Tallis' Canon and the last is Tallis' Ordinal, which is still included in numerous hymnals.